Abstract Cooperatives began contributing to the modernisation of Europeanagriculture in the late nineteenth century but the rate at which they developedvaried according to countries, regions, and crops. In Spain a large number wereset up before the 1936?9 Civil War but few actually became consolidated entities.
This paper analyses the Spanish case in an attempt to ?nd the keys to the successor failure of cooperation. It focuses especially on the role played by the state and onthe attitude shown by the different segments of farmers towards cooperatives.

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