【摘要】 民以食为天,邦以农为本,增强农业综合生产能力,加快农业现代化步伐,是我国全面建成小康社会的前提和保障。基于专业分工和规模经营的农民合作社是发展现代农业的新型组织载体之一,近年来顺应市场要求各类农民专业合作经济组织的数量和规模迅速发展,为农业发展、农民增收做出了突出的贡献。然而从整体来看,新型农民合作社处于起步阶段,还存在很多有待于解决的问题。改革开放之后,人们的价值观念多元化,农民在市场经济中处于弱势地位,不能掌握话语权,大浪淘沙适者生存,在对待个人利益与集体利益问题时选择自我保护,五六十年代的人民公社化运动给农民留下的阴影影响至今,他们一方面认识到合作的重要性,另一方面又害怕联合,这种思想严重阻碍了农民合作的热情。集体主义是我国处理个人利益与集体利益坚持的核心价值观,从集体主义的视角来看,“集体行动的困境”使得每个理性的“经济人”造成了不理性的集体行动,在此基础之上提出新时期坚持集体主义应贯彻以人为本；为了更好地服务于农业、农村、农民,如何处理好农户个体与农合社集体之间的关系,成为本文研究的重点。文章分为五个部分来阐述,第一部分介绍“入世”以来我国农业发展的国内外背景,说明论文研究的国内外动态,研究的意义以及创新之处。第二部分通过农合社与公司、村“两委”和人民公社的比较对农合社的内涵有一个准确的把握,在认识的基础上分析农合社在我国发展的必要性和可行性,论述农合社发展的现状以及分析三种主要合作模式的利弊,之后从农民合作的思想源头探讨发展中存在的问题,主要有农民一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳的思想顾虑,为防止“搭便车”而导致的集体行动的困境以及如何处理个人利益与集体利益之间的关系,都成为制约农民合作社发展的重要因素。第三部分从集体主义价值观入手说明个人利益与集体利益的处理原则,分析传统集体主义价值观的利弊,提出新时期坚持集体主义应该贯彻以人为本,以农民的自由和全面发展为目的。第四部分通过梳理农合社现存的问题,从坚持家庭联产承包责任制为基础不动摇；明晰产权,保护私有财产,保障土地有序流转；以“利他”为导向,支持农民合作；政府的合理角色定位等方面进行了阐述。第五部分对文章进行了简要的概括总结。

　　【关键词】 农业现代化； 农民合作社； 集体主义； 以人为本；

　　【ABSTRACT】 Bond based on agriculture, the enhancement agricultural comprehensive production capacity, to speed up the pace of agricultural modernization, is to build a fairly well-off society in our country the premise and guarantee. Based on the specialized labor division and scale operation of farmers cooperatives is one of the new organization carrier of developing modern agriculture, adapt to market requirements in recent years, various types of farmers' professional cooperative economic organization the number and size of rapid development, for the agricultural development, farmers' income has made the prominent contribution. However, from a whole new type of farmers cooperatives in its infancy, there are many subject to solve the problem. After reform and opening up, people's values diversity, farmers in a weak position in the market economy, can't hold the, the survival of the fittest, ebb tide in treatment of individual interests and collective interests choose to protect themselves, the fifties and sixties of the movement to establish people's communes to farmers leave the shadow of the impact so far, they realize the importance of cooperation on the one hand, on the other hand is afraid of joint, which seriously hindered the enthusiasm of farmers' cooperation. Collectivism is the processing of personal interest and collective interest insist on core values, from the perspective of collectivism, “collective action dilemma” that every rational “economic man” caused the irrational to collective action, on this basis put forward new period adhere to collectivism should implement people-oriented; In order to better service to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and how to deal with the relationship between the individual farmers and social farmers collective, becomes the focus of the research in this paper.

　　Illustrated the article is divided into five parts, the first part through the introduction of agricultural development in our country since the background at home and abroad, then analysis the necessity and feasibility of agriculture and social development in our country, and illustrates the paper studies the dynamic at home and abroad, the si画f cance of research and innovation. Second part by farmers or clubs and other market main body, the village “two committees” and the connotation of the comparison of people's communes to farming or club have an accurate grasp of, on the basis of understanding the paper discusses the present situation of agriculture and social development as well as the analysis of the pros and cons of the three main cooperation pattern, then from the origin of farmer cooperative discusses the problems existing in the development, are mainly farmers once bitten, twice shy once bitten, twice shy thought concerns, in order to prevent the “free-rider” and resulted in the dilemma of collective action, and how to deal with the relationship between individual interests andcollective interests, have become an important factor restricting the development of farmer cooperatives. The third part, from the perspective of the collective values of personal interests and the interests of the collective processing principle, the analysis of the pros and cons of traditional collectivism values, should stick to collectivism in the new period is put forward to implement people-oriented, to farmer's free and all-round development as the goal. The fourth part through combing farming close social existing problems, from the basis of household contract responsibility system, insist on not be moved; Clear property right, protecting the private property, protection of land transfer; With “altruistic” as the guidance, cooperation and support for farmers; Reasonable government role positioning, etc are expounded. The fifth part has carried on the brief summarization.

　　【KEY WORDS】 agricultural modernization, farmers cooperatives,collective people-oriented